Be Prepared: Get a Prenup Before Saying "I Do"

Most people like to think that they are prepared for the obstacles that they will face in life.  Like the Boy Scout motto, Americans like to “be prepared.”

And, just in case we are asleep at the wheel, there are people constantly reminding us every step of the way that we should protect ourselves.  It starts early.  For example, a parent might remind us to bring an umbrella – because it might rain.  As we get older, we learn to buy car insurance because we might have an accident.  People buy alarm systems to detect and deter intruders.  Working professionals buy insurance to protect against the unlikely risk of disability.  Most people buy life insurance to hedge against the risk that they might die.  And, if you have a mortgage, homeowner’s insurance is mandatory to protect against risks such as fire and wind.

Americans also like contracts.  Remember the license agreements that you had to accept just to install a game on your computer?  When you went off to college, your first credit card certainly came with a cardholder agreement.  If you wanted to rent an apartment, that definitely required a lease.  Did you want cell phone service?  You needed a contract.  If you go to work at a business, your employer might ask you to sign non-compete agreement.

But, for some strange reason, people enter into marriage with no contract or agreement whatsoever.  They just trust each other.  Remarkably, these are the same individuals who buy the life insurance and disability insurance, even though a 30-year-old man faces a 0.1% chance of dying before age 31 and less than 5% of wage earners are classified as “disabled.”  Yet, they turn a blind eye to the fact that more than 50% of marriages result in divorce.

A prenuptial agreement or “prenup” can protect you against losses that might result from your divorce.  If you don’t have a prenuptial agreement, what do you stand to lose?  You can start with giving away roughly half of the net worth that you worked so hard to accumulate during the marriage.  And, to the extent you earned them during the marriage, you will likely have to divide your pension, retirement benefits, and/or retirement accounts.  You may also have the privilege of paying a large percentage of your monthly salary to your “ex” as alimony.  And, without a prenup, you could be forced to pay off half of your ex’s bad debt.  You could even be saddled with half of your “ex’s” student loans. 

But, there is rarely someone in your corner to remind you about getting a prenup.  Until recently, that is.  Since the Great Recession, 3 out of 4 family law attorneys report that prenups are on the rise.  This may be due to the devastating impact of the financial collapse, which has made people questions how much they can earn in the future and makes them want to keep what they have earned. 

Recently, I have had several parents call my office about prenups for the children.  One retired military officer wanted a prenup for his son, who was about to start flight school.  The father was concerned that his son might lose half of his hard-earned military retirement pay if the marriage didn’t last a lifetime.  A mother recently called me because she had refused to pay for the wedding unless the couple signed a prenuptial agreement.  And, an accountant paying lifetime alimony called me last year in hopes that a prenup might avoid the same fate for his son.

In certain circumstances, a prenuptial agreement can make a marriage more likely to last.  A spouse is more likely to return to work or keep working if that he or she cannot rely on alimony in the event that the marriage breaks down.  And, in some cases, a spouse may be less likely to leave or look around if he or she knows that they will not be able to use the divorce to raid the other party’s retirement pay, pension, assets, and income.

Fortunately, despite what you might have heard, prenuptial agreements are enforceable under Florida law.  In 2007, the Florida Legislature passed the Uniform Premarital Agreement Act.  See Fla. Stat. § 61.079.  Under the Act, a premarital agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties.  Id.  The Act allows Parties to negotiate and agree upon the following issues:  (i) the parties’ rights and obligations concerning any assets and liabilities; (ii) the right to buy, sell, use, transfer, or dispose of property; (iii) the distribution of property upon separation, dissolution, death, or other event; (iv) the right to alimony; (v) the making of a will or trust; and (vi) the disposition of life insurance proceeds.  See Fla. Stat. § 61.079(4)(a).  And, one Florida court specifically held that a prenup may be enforceable to protect a pilot's pension and military retirement pay.  See Gordon v. Gordon, 25 So. 3d 615, 617-18 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009).

Florida courts have held that the parties do not need to attorneys for a prenuptial agreement to be enforceable.  See Casto v. Casto, 508 So. 2d 330, 334-35 (Fla. 1987).  The Florida Supreme court has also held, however, that a prenuptial agreement may not be enforceable if the agreement was procured by as a result of fraud, deceit, duress, coercion, misrepresentation, or overreaching.  SeeCasto, 508 So. 2d at 333.  Additionally, a prenup may be set aside if there is a showing that the agreement is unreasonable on its face for failure to provide adequately for the challenging spouse coupled with a lack of adequate financial disclosure.  Id.  So, even though a lawyer is not absolutely necessary, an agreement is far more likely to be upheld with the assistance of counsel.  

If you have questions about prenuptial agreements, please contact us to consult an experienced Tampa divorce and family law attorney.

Life Insurance to Secure Alimony and Child Support

Clients often ask about whether the Court will require a party to procure life insurance to secure their alimony or child support obligation.  Like many legal questions, the answer is "it depends."

Courts do have the authority to order a party to provide term life insurance to secure his or her child support and alimony payments. See Fla. Stat. §§ 61.08(3), 61.13(1)(c); Sobelman v. Sobelman, 541 So. 2d 1153, 1154 (Fla. 1989). 

When determining whether life insurance is appropriate, the court will consider the need for the insurance, the cost and availability of the insurance, and the financial impact upon the obligor.  See Child v. Child, 34 So. 3d 159 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); Plichta v. Plichta, 899 So.2d 1283, 1287 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); see also Byers v. Byers, 910 So.2d 336, 346 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005). 

Florida courts have held, however, that certain "special circumstances" must be present to require a payor to purchase life insurance on his or her alimony or child support obligation. See Child v. Child, 34 So. 3d 159 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); Massam v. Massam, 993 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008); Melo v. Melo, 864 So.2d 1268 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004); Frechter v. Frechter, 548 So.2d 712 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989). 

But, the "special circumstances" are not particularly difficult to prove.  The special circumstances may be present where the former spouse would face difficult financial circumstances if the support payments were to cease upon the death of the obligor.  The circumstances may be present where the surviving party has limited earning capacity or children to support.  See, e.g., Child v. Child, 34 So. 3d 159 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010); Kotlarz v. Kotlarz, 21 So. 3d 892, 893 (Fla. 1st DCA 2009); Richardson v. Richardson, 900 So.2d 656, 661 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); Massam v. Massam, 993 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008);Davidson v. Davidson, 882 So. 2d 418 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004).

If the special circumstances are present, the Party requesting the life insurance must establish that the amount of insurance sought is available at an affordable cost.  See Massam, 993 So. 2d at 1022; Rubinstein v. Rubinstein, 866 So. 2d 80 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003); Zimmerman v. Zimmerman, 755 So. 2d 730 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000); and Schere v. Schere, 645 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). 

If you have questions about alimony or child support, please contact us to consult an experienced Tampa divorce and family law attorney.

Prenuptial Agreements and Estate Planning Considerations: ‘Till Death Do Us Part

Nearly 80,000 Florida residents file for divorce each year.  And, Florida has the nation’s highest percentage of residents over the age of 65.  Many people enter into a second marriage with significant assets and adult children.  Accordingly, it is often important to consult an experienced Florida family law attorney for a prenuptial agreement that addresses address both marital and estate planning issues.

Florida adopted the Uniform Premarital Agreement Act (the “UPAA”), which expressly provides that parties may reach a binding contract on the following issues:  (i) the parties’ rights and obligations concerning any assets and liabilities; (ii) the right to buy, sell, use, transfer, or dispose of property; (iii) the distribution of property upon separation, dissolution, death, or other event; (iv) the right to alimony; (v) the making of a will or trust; and (vi) the disposition of life insurance proceeds.  See Fla. Stat. § 61.079(4)(a).

It is imperative to understand the estate and probate rights that may be waived by a spouse.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.702.  For example, asurviving spouse normally has the right to receive an “elective share” of the deceased spouse’s estate (under current law, 30% of the elective estate as defined in Chapter 732, Part II, Florida Statutes).

A surviving spouse also has special rights to homestead real property.  A decedent may not freely devise homestead real property upon death if survived by a spouse or minor child.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.4015.  The surviving spouse is entitled to a life estate in the property or, upon election, an undivided one-half interest.  See Fla. Stat. §§ 732.401 and 732.4015.  The property is exempt from any claims by the decedent’s creditors.  See Art. X, Sec. 4, Fla. Const. 

Additionally, if a spouse dies intestate (i.e., without a will), a surviving spouse is entitled to a specific share of the estate.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.102.  If a person marries after making a will, the surviving spouse is entitled to receive an intestate share of the estate.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.301. A surviving spouse is also entitled to receive up to $20,000 in certain exempt property.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.402.  A surviving spouse is separately entitled to receive up to $18,000 in “family allowance” for support during the administration of an estate.  See Fla. Stat. § 732.403.  Finally, a surviving spouse has preference in appointment to serve as personal representative of a decedent’s intestate estate. 

All of these rights may be waived in a prenuptial agreement.  See, e.g., Fla. Stat. §§ 732.701 and 732.702 (to the extent the prenuptial agreement affects estate and probate rights, it must satisfy all other applicable formalities).  The prenuptial agreement, however, may include language requiring the parties to make a will or trust, to give a devise, or not to revoke a will or devise.  See Fla. Stat. §§ 61.079(4)(a) and 732.702.  A practitioner must be prepared to advise clients on any rights that are being waived and avenues to protect the client’s interests.

Do I have to pay child support if I receive disability payments from the government?

One common question is whether a parent has to pay child support if the children are receiving social security payments as a result of the parent's disability.

The short answer is that social security payments do not negate the obligation to pay child support.  A disabled parent, however, does receive credit for the social security paid for the benefit of the children.  In some cases, especially where the disabled parent has no other income, these payments may actually exceed the support obligation.  The fact of the matter is that, to make any determination, you should still have a Florida family law attorney or other qualified person apply the Florida child support guidelines, properly taking into account any social security benefits paid to the children.

Under the Florida child support guidelines, social security is treated as income for purposes of calculating the parents' child support obligation.  Specifically, under section 61.30(2)(a)(8), the social security benefits are treated as income to the disabled parent.  The disabled parent, however, also receives credit for paying support equal to the amount of the social security received on behalf of the children.  In other words, the social security funds are hypothetically earned by the disabled parent and paid by that parent to the children.

This rule was established by the First District Court of Appeals in Williams v. Williams, 560 So. 2d 308 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990).  In Williams, the trial court failed to credit a disabled father for social security payments received by the mother on behalf of their three children.  The court ordered that, in addition to the disability funds the mother received directly, the father also had to pay child support out of his own disability payments.  As a result, after satisfying his child support obligations, the father had no money from which to live.  The First District found that the court erred when calculating the child support guideline amount by failing properly to account for the social security payments received by the children.

In most cases, the social security payments will exceed the disabled parent's obligation to pay support.  This is especially true where the disabled parent has no other material income.

Smart Lawyer Gets No Sympathy from the Court

A story published by Law.com on Christmas Eve really got my attention.

So, when is it fair to revisit the terms of your divorce?  That may depend on who you are.

Yes, a final judgment or decree is supposed to be “final.”  But, in family law cases, there are occasions where it is completely appropriate and sometimes even necessary to change the terms of the final judgment or decree.

What justifies modifying a final judgment?  You obviously don’t want people going back to court every time they realize they left something out of their agreement or want something new.  At the same time, courts have to respect that circumstances do change.  This is especially true with continuing obligations such as child support, alimony, and visitation.

The law is pretty clear that you can revisit alimony, custody, time-sharing, and parental responsibility when there is a substantial change in circumstances.  Most states also require that the change is involuntary and unanticipated.

But, when is it appropriate to reconsider the equitable distribution of assets?  A high-ranking New York real estate attorney at the prestigious Paul Weiss law firm recently learned that he would receive no sympathy from the court when his circumstances changed for the worse.  

Steven Simkin had been married to his wife, Laura Blank, for more than 30 years.  They spent the better part of two years fighting over the value of certain real estate investments and Mr. Simkin’s law practice.  One item that was not subject to dispute was their account at Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, which reflected a value of $5.4 million.  In the divorce, Laura Blank took $2.7 million in cash for her share of the Madoff investments.  Presumably for tax and other reasons, Mr. Simkin left most of the money in the Madoff investment fund.

As virtually everyone now knows, Bernie Madoff's investment fund was one of the largest ponzi schemes in the history of the world.  And, it turns out that Steve Simkin’s Madoff investments were completely worthless.  After learning that he paid his wife $2.7 million for her half of a worthless investment, Mr. Simkin asked a New York court to set aside the agreement.

On December 24, 2009, the New York Law Journal reported that the court denied any relief to Mr. Simkin. According to the report, Acting Supreme Court Justice Saralee Evans held that the Court simply would not revisit the parties’ settlement.  The Court reasoned that the account could have been converted to cash, so neither party was mistaken in their marital settlement agreement.  

But, what the Court apparently failed to consider was that, even if the money had been withdrawn, it still would have been subject to a “clawback suit” by the Trustee for the Madoff Estate.  The Trustee can recover withdrawals going back six years.  Nevertheless, Mr. Simkin is simply out of luck.  First, he lost $5.4 million in the Bernie Madoff fraud. Then, to add insult to injury, he unwittingly gave his wife $2.7 million for her share of the worthless Madoff investments.  Of course, there are many stories about people who were screwed by Bernie Madoff.  But, in this case, the family law judge decided that Mr. Simkin should bear 100% of the loss and his wife should keep the $2.7 million she took for her share of the sham investment. 

The Court simply had no sympathy for a man who had represented many of the world’s most sophisticated investors in their most important real estate deals.  I question whether the Court would have reached the same conclusion had the wife been left with the worthless investments. 

The only good news is that Bernie Madoff will be spending the rest of his life in prison as part of a 150-year sentence.  Unfortunately for Mr. Madoff, there are several inmates who apparently have a sense of rough justice that is even stronger than the Judge that slammed Steve Simkin.

AVVO Assigns Superb Rating to Attorney Richard J. Mockler

The lawyer rating website AVVO.com has assigned a Superb Rating to Attorney Richard J. Mockler.


AVVO Rating

Innovative Family Law Attorneys Open New Office in Tampa, Florida

The family and business litigation law firm of Richard J. Mockler, P.A. has opened its new office in historic Hyde Park. The warm and child-friendly environment is conveniently located at 305 S. Magnolia Ave., Tampa, FL 33606.

Tampa, FL (PRWEB) December 10, 2009 –- The law firm of Richard J. Mockler, P.A. is pleased to announce the opening of its new Tampa office, located in beautiful Hyde Park. The office has a dedicated play area for children, and offers a warm, comfortable setting to meet with your attorneys or mediate family law matters.

Our attorneys approach every case with the same passion. We consult every client on their unique goals and interests, because no strategy fits all cases.

The Firm represents individuals in divorce, military divorce, and other family law matters, including cases involving child custody, child support, prenuptial agreements, alimony, equitable distribution, relocation, and more. The Firm also represents business litigation clients in partnership disputes and civil litigation involving fraud, misrepresentation, breach of contract, tortious interference, theft of trade secrets, breach of fiduciary duty, and other commercial claims. Attorneys Richard J. Mockler, Amy Bandow, and Adam B. Cordover are experienced in helping clients protect their rights and interests in complex legal battles and through life-changing circumstances.

The Firm’s lawyers have substantial experience working at the nation’s largest and most prestigious law firms representing high-profile clients in their most important legal matters. “Our attorneys approach every case with the same passion. We provide the same representation to a mother trying to protect her family that we offer to the CEO of a major company. We consult every client on their unique goals and interests, because no strategy fits all cases. Our job is to help clients understand their options and pursue their cases diligently without wasting valuable resources on unnecessary conflict and needless litigation,” added shareholder Richard J. Mockler.

Richard J. Mockler is a family law attorney and business litigator that graduated from the University of Florida’s Levin College of Law with honors, where he was elected President of the school’s Student Bar Association and selected as the Student of the Year in 2000. Mr. Mockler also earned a Master of Laws degree in Taxation from the University of Florida’s Graduate School. He started his career in Miami for a Wall Street law firm representing investment banks, major financial institutions, and other multinational companies. Prior to starting his own practice, Mr. Mockler also worked at Florida’s two largest law firms.

Amy Bandow is a Tampa divorce lawyer practicing primarily in the area of marital & family law. Ms. Bandow graduated from the University of Florida’s Levin College of Law. Prior to joining the Firm, she also worked in the litigation group at one of Florida’s largest law firms representing public companies and other institutional clients in high-stakes litigation matters.

Adam B. Cordover is a graduate of The American University in Washington D.C., where he earned his Juris Doctor and Master of Arts in International Affairs. Mr. Cordover is experienced in the areas of divorce, adoption, dependency, paternity, and child support. In February 2009, the LAWYER Magazine recognized Mr. Cordover for his service to the community. Among other things, he volunteers through Bay Area Legal Services and the Guardian Ad Litem Program.

For more information or to consult a Tampa divorce lawyer, business litigator, or family law attorney, regarding divorce, military divorce, child custody, time-sharing, parenting plans, child support, division of assets,prenuptial agreements, alimony & spousal support, adoption, and other services, contact our office at 813-443-4634.

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http://www.FamilyLawRights.com.

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